海外投资、经济发展水平与国内就业技能结构——理论机理与基于我国数据的实证研究

本文阐述了当经济发展水平不同时,海外投资如何影响不同技能劳动的就业。实证研究结果表明:当经济发展水平较低时,海外投资会减少高技能劳动就业,增加低技能劳动就业,进而降低就业技能结构;而当经济发展水平较高时,海外投资则能促进高技能劳动就业,减少低技能劳动就业,提升就业技能结构。同时,本文使用分位数回归检验了当就业技能结构处于不同分位数时,海外投资提升就业技能结构的经济发展水平临界值存在的差异,由此可以推断我国企业在不同就业技能结构下的海外投资动机。

Overseas Investment,Economic Development and Skill Structure of Domestic Employment: The Theory Mechanism and an Empirical Research Based on China

With the deepening of China’s opening up,overseas investment has become a focus of China’s opening strategies in the future,and thus the influence of overseas investment on domestic economy has also become a central issue for China.This paper explores this topic from the viewpoint of skill structure of employment.Our theory mechanism explicates how overseas investment influence employment of differently skilled labors when the economic development levels vary.Our empirical research shows that when the economy is underdeveloped,overseas investment will worsen the employment of high-skilled labor and improve the employment of low-skilled labor,degrading the overall skill structure of employment.When the economy is well developed,however,it is found that overseas investment works to enhance the employment of high-skilled labor while weakening the employment of low-skilled labor,altogether leveling up the skill structure of employment.This study makes a further inspection by using quantile regression to examine,when the skill structure of employment differs in quantiles,the difference in economic development thresholds over which the skill structure of employment can be enhanced by overseas investment.The discussion infers the motives of Chinese enterprises’overseas investment under different skill structures of employment.