WTO框架下美日运用“合规性贸易壁垒”实行农业策略性保护的异同

美国和日本作为农业国际竞争优势较弱的国家,一直对农业进行了多层次的保护。随着多边贸易体制的建立和完善,世贸组织对各成员国的约束性不断加强,美国和日本也根据形势的变化而对农业保护的手段进行调整,其基本要旨是:在不明显违背世贸组织规则的前提下,通过对“合规性”贸易壁垒的运用,尽量对本国农业提供最有效的保护。由于日本与美国的具体国情有别,使得美日在运用“合规性贸易壁垒”实行农业策略性保护时,既有相似性,也体现了较大差异。

Similarities and Differences Analysis on America and Japan''''s Applying "Rational Trade Barrier" to Strategically Protect Agriculture under WTO Framework

Considering their relatively weaker advantages of agriculture in the international competition, the U.S. and Japan have been carrying out multi-level protection to agriculture all the time. With the establishment and gradual perfection of multilateral trade system, the restriction of WTO to all its members is constantly strengthened. Therefore, the U.S. and Japan have been adjusting their protection means to this circumstance, which concentrates on the point that on the premise of no apparent violation to the WTO rules, the two governments try their best to provide the most effective protection to native agriculture through applying the so-called rational trade barrier. There surely exist several similarities in the implementation of such a barrier. However, due to their distinction in some detailed respects, the two countries have showed great differences as well. Thus, this paper aims to make an in-depth analysis of both these similarities and differences.