企业能力、产业竞争力、比较优势与政府作用--也论中国激光视盘播放机工业的发展启示

关于比较优势和政府作用的片面理解,将对产业竞争力的塑造和国家政策的制定形成危险的错误导向.针对比较优势理论在解释产业竞争力的源泉上依然具有的巨大效力和科学性,中国政府应谨慎防范用产业政策和技术政策去人为创造竞争优势的"竞争优势陷阱".正是通过中国激光视盘播放机工业发展经验的分析证明,技术相对落后国家的企业要在开放市场条件下获得竞争优势,特别需要充分利用自己现阶段存在于自然资源和劳动力方面的比较优势.中国DVD工业目前被征收专利费的处境,更清楚地说明,即使是新科等领头企业目前也还不能定义自己的核心竞争力为技术能力和产品创新,而要进一步通过比较优势打造竞争优势.创造一个自由、开放和充分竞争的环境,让遵循客观规律的企业获得强大的自生能力,是各国政府的首要作用.

Business Competence,Industrial Competitiveness,Comparative Advantage and Government's Role-An Illumination from VCD/DVD Industry's Development in China

The unilateral understanding toward comparative advantage and government's role is a dangerous guide to industrial competitiveness and policy formulation. Theory of Comparative advantage isn' t outdated, and China should be cautious about "competitive advantage trap". The development experience of VCD/DVD industry in China illustrates that businesses in developing countries need to exploit their comparative advantages in natural resources and labor. This principle becomes especially important while obtaining competitive advantage under the open market term. The situation that China DVD industry is highly charged for patent shows more clearly that even the leading businesses in China such as Sinco couldn' t define their core competence as technology and renovation now. They must keep on winning their competitive advantage through comparative advantage. The fundamental responsibility for government is to create an environment encouraging free, open and sufficient competition.