Waste of money or growth opportunity: The causal effect of EU subsidies on Hungarian SMEs |
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| Institution: | 1. Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the central bank of Hungary), Szabadság tér 9, Budapest, 1054, Hungary;2. MNB Department, Corvinus University of Budapest, F?vám tér 8, Budapest, 1093, Hungary;1. College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;2. Research Centre for Soft Energy Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;3. Australia-China Relations Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;4. Center of Hubei Cooperative Innovation for Emissions Trading System, Hubei University of Economics, China;5. School of Low Carbon Economics, Hubei University of Economics, China;1. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Italy;2. European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion (DG EMPL), Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Although EU subsidies aiming at economic development play a pivotal role not only for Hungary but for the entire European Union as well, there is a debate regarding their effectiveness in the literature. This paper investigates the impact of direct economic development subsidies extended in the context of Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund as part of the 2007–2013 programming period of the European Union on Hungarian micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. Based on a micro database, we evaluate the impact of corporates’ first subsidies on various performance indicators, using a combination of propensity score matching and fixed effects panel regression. According to our results, economic development funds had a significant positive effect on the number of employees, sales revenue, gross value added and, in some cases, operating profit. However, the labour productivity of enterprises was not significantly affected by any of the support schemes. Furthermore, by explicitly comparing non-refundable subsidies (grants) and refundable assistance (financial instruments), we find that there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two types of subsidy. |
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| Keywords: | Impact evaluation EU subsidies Firm-level effects Propensity score matching Fixed effects JEL classification D04 G38 H25 O22 |
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