我国出口产业转移中的贸易成本效应——基于异质性企业贸易模型的分析

出口产业的科学转移对稳定我国经济的持续增长有重要意义。在现有异质性企业模型的基础上,本文通过建立一个包含企业进行贸易方式和生产区位选择的异质性企业贸易模型,阐明了贸易成本对我国出口企业区位选择行为的影响机理。模型结论表明效率不同的企业会选择不同的贸易方式和生产区位。利用中国工业企业层面的数据,我们对模型的预测进行了检验,检验结果符合模型对企业区位选择行为的假说。该模型的一个重要政策含义是可变贸易成本和固定贸易成本的变动对转移企业效率的影响完全不同:固定贸易成本的变化将使低效率企业首先转移,而可变贸易成本的变化会使高效率企业首先转移。因此,相比短期的土地政策和税收政策优惠,完善企业的经营氛围和激励体制在促进我国出口产业的科学转移中显得更为关键。

The Effect of the Trade Costs on Determining the Export Industrial Immigration in China:Based on the Heterogeneous Firms Trade Model

It is of vital importance to guide the export industrial immigration rationally in China.Based on the existing Heterogeneous Firms Trade(HFT) literature,we propose a Melitz-style trade model where heterogeneous firms sort into three main groups by self-selection effect.Based on the model,we show that firms with different efficiency would like to choose different trade modes and production location.Using the Chinese manufacturing firm-level data,we provide evidence consistent with this prediction.In addition,our model implies an important trade and investment policy.That is,the variable trade costs and the fixed trade costs for the location-transferring firms have a different effect on the location choice of these heterogeneous firms.Therefore,the government should pay more attention to improve the business environment and incentive system instead of the temporary preferential policies on tax.