中国银行部门的自由化:进程、现状与展望

金融自由化是经济改革的高级和深化阶段.自20世纪90年代初期至今,中国银行部门的自由化改革已经取得一系列重大进展.本文从存、贷款利率,信贷控制,法定存款准备金和对外开放等方面,对1992-2006年间中国银行部门自由化进程进行定量分析.研究发现,在15年的改革历程中,银行业先后实现了从基本管制、部分管制、部分自由和基本自由的连续转变.银行改革已经获得实质性突破.总体看,虽然起步较晚,但战略性、连续性和系统性等特征使银行部门自由化水平达到新兴市场经济国家20世纪90年代初期的水平.

The Liberalization of Banking Sectors in China:Evolution,Status,and Prospect

Financial liberalization represents the advanced and in-depth phase of economic reform. China banking sectors have achieved a series of significant progress in financial liberalization since the early 1990s. This paper, based on a study of deposit interest rate, lending interest rate, credit control, reserve requirements, and the opening-up, provides a quantitative analysis of the liberalization evolution of China banking sectors in the period of 1992-1996. The findings have shown that China banking sectors have made successive shifts from fundamental control to partial control, partial liberalization, and fundamental liberalization, featuring a substantial breakthrough in the 15 years of reform. Generally, although the reform started later, the liberalization of China banking sectors has reached the level that the emerging market economy countries attained in the early 1990s since it has possessed strategic, successive and systematic characteristics.