我国矿产资源开发利用现状与发展策略

矿产资源是人类赖以生存发展的物质基础,在现代化建设中占有重要的地位。我国是世界上矿产资源比较丰富、矿种比较齐全的少数几个国家之一。具有资源总量丰富但人均占有量少;矿床规模有大有小;贫矿多且富矿少等特点。多年来由于矿产资源的不合理开发利用,造成严重的环境污染。在我国许多地区废矿石大量堆放,地表水和地下水严重污染,区域地下水位下降,土壤和空气也受到侵害。为保证２１世纪我国国民经济的持续发展,必须采取以下几个方面的对策：①加强和改善矿产资源的管理;②加强地质勘查工作,增加矿产资源探明储量以适应国民经济的发展;③实行开源与节流并重的方针,走资源节约型发展经济的道路;④充分认识我国矿产资源的产出特点,完善矿产开发的产业机制;⑤依靠法制和科学管理,有效控制环境污染,保护矿产资源。

The Exploitation and Utilization of Mineral Resources and Its Effects on Geological Environment in Our Country and the Strategy of Sustainable Development

ineral resources are essential to man's Continuing development and prosperity, thematerial base indispensable to the modern construction. China is one of the few countries in theworld that possess rich mineral resources with a relatively complete combination of ore varieties.The total quantity of mineral resources in our country is plentiful, but the occupancy per capita ispessimistically poor. Mineral deposits in China vary greatly in size. There are high-grade as wellas low-grade ores. While exploiting mineral resources, the high waste and serious pollution of theenvironment have emerged. The effects are the disposal of waste, pollution of surface and underground water, changes in the groundwater table due to dewatering, soil and atmospheric contamination, etc. They are long-term and complicated, and the serious consequences can not be ignored. To keep the sustainable development of national economy of our country in the 21st century, the follewing suggestions should be adopted. (1) To strenghten and improve the managementof the mineral resources. (2) To enhance practically the geological exploration work so that its development is coordinated with the development of the national economy. (3) TO practise the principle of putting equal stress on broadening the supply source and reducing the consumption ofmineral resources to follow the road of developing a" resource-saving" economy. (4) The occurrence charactenstic of mineral resources in our country must be considered, we should improve thepolicy of mineral industrial. (5) We must control environment pollution and protect the mineralresources through strengthening legal system and scientific management.