公共冲突治理的三类干预角色分析——兼论政府和社会组织角色担任的适宜性

公共冲突治理中存在辅助型第三方、化解型第三方和保障型第三方三类干预角色，三类角色各自对角色担任者有着特定的要求。对这三类干预角色的担任，政府和社会组织都有着各自的适应性。政府在公共冲突治理中主要担任了制动者、化解者等保障型第三方和化解型第三方角色；社会组织主要担任了信息员、评估者、专家和顾问等辅助型第三方以及关系促进者、调解者、仲裁者、方案建议者等化解型第三方角色。总体而言，政府和社会组织对各自角色的担任是适宜的，但仍有调整的空间：政府需要强化对冲突化解的持续推动者、冲突后续过程的监管者等角色的担任，并需要与社会组织分享冲突化解者的角色；社会组织需要更加积极去承担辅助者角色。为达到良好的干预效果，政府和社会组织需分工负责，各司其职，对应该承担的角色不逃避，对不应该承担的角色不越位，最终实现角色互补，共同构筑公共冲突治理的主体体系。

Three Kinds of Intervention Roles in Public Conflict Governance --On the Role Suitability of Government and Social Organization

There are three kinds of intervention roles in public conflict governance. They are the auxiliary third-party, the resolving third-party and the safeguarding third-party. Government and social organization have their own suitability for the three kinds of intervention roles. Government mainly plays the roles of the safeguarding third-party and the resolving third-party such as advocator and resolver while social organization mainly plays the roles of the auxiliary third-party such as messenger, assessor, expert and consultant, and the roles of the resolving third-party such as facilitator, mediator, arbitrator and proposer. Overall, government and social organization are suitable for their own roles, but there is still room for adjustment ： government should strengthen the roles of standing promoter of conflict resolution and supervisor in the follow-up conflict governance process and share the role of conflict resolver with social organization ; and social organi- zation should assume the responsibility of auxiliary role more actively. To get good intervention effect, government and social organization need to divide and take responsibilities, make complement to each other, and build a public conflict governance system.