农转居成本倒挂、市民化意愿与小城市人口城镇化推进策略——以嘉峪关市为例

目前,学者大多关注北、上、广等大城市或特大城市的市民化成本问题,而对于小城市市民化问题则关注较少。本文以嘉峪关市为例测算城镇化率较高的小城市市民化成本是否与大城市存在显著不同。研究发现,随着城乡一体化水平不断提高,嘉峪关市城乡居民在收入、基本公共服务等领域之间的差距不断缩小,出现本地村民市民化公共成本为负的"农转居成本倒挂"现象。基于此,类似嘉峪关这类小城市推进市民化策略应重点涵盖两个方面:一是通过土地制度改革等措施加快推进本地农民市民化,让农民带"资"、带"技"进城;二是在财政资金约束的情况下,构建市民化公共成本共担机制,有序促进外来人口市民化。

Citizenization Cost Inversion,Citizenization Willingness and Urbanization Promotion Strategy of Small City--Take Jiayuguan as an Example

At present,scholars mostly pay attention to the cost of urbanization in big cities such as Beijing,Shanghai,Guanghzou,while they pay less attention to the problem of urbanization in small cities.Taking Jiayuguan City as an example,this paper calculates whether the cost of urbanization in small cities with higher urbanization rate is significantly different from that in large cities.The study finds that with the continuous improvement of urban-rural integration,the gap between urban and rural residents in income,basic public services and other fields in Jiayuguan City has been narrowing,and the phenomenon of"inverted cost of farmer-to-resident"with negative public cost of citizenization of local villagers has emerged.This paper thinks that the strategy of promoting citizenization in small cities like Jiayuguan should mainly cover two aspects:one is to speed up the citizenization of local farmers through measures such as land system reform,so that farmers can bring capital and technology into the city;the other is to build a public cost-sharing mechanism of citizenization under financial constraints,promoting the urbanization of migrants in an orderly way.