水生态环境损害赔偿磋商制度:功能、困境及完善

当前水生态环境损害问题日趋严重，水生态环境损害赔偿磋商是保护生态环境的一项制度创新，它顺应生态与社会发展需求，具有平衡生态利益与其他利益、提高生态损害救济效率与维护生态秩序三大功能。但这一制度的具体实施面临磋商权利主体地位混淆、磋商与诉讼衔接机制不畅、环境生态利益与其他社会公共利益难以衡平等问题。针对水生态环境的特殊性，需要从建立损害赔偿的政府责任制、确立磋商与诉讼衔接机制、健全损害赔偿的法律程序三个方面加以完善与优化。

Consultation system for compensation for water ecological environment damage: functions, difficulties and improvements

At present, the problem of water ecological environment damage is becoming more and more severe. The compensation consultation for the water ecological environment damage is a system innovation of protecting the ecological environment. It conforms to the needs of ecological and social development, and has three functions: balancing the ecological and other interests, improving the efficiency of ecological damage relief and maintaining the ecological order. However, the specific implementation of this system may face the confusion of the subject status of consultation rights, the poor connection mechanism between consultation and litigation, and the imbalance between environmental ecological interests and other social public interests. Therefore, in view of the particularity of the water ecological environment, based on the improvement of the system of substantive law and procedural law, it is imperative to carry out the system reform of consultation on compensation for the water ecological environment damage.