The influence of political risk on the scope of internationalization of regulated companies: Insights from a Spanish sample |
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Affiliation: | 1. University of Liechtenstein, Institute of Entrepreneurship, Fürst-Franz-Josef-Str., 9490 Vaduz, Liechtenstein;2. University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9SL, UK;3. University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;4. New Design University, Mariazeller Straße 97a, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria |
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Abstract: | Political risk not only constitutes a threat for multinational enterprises but can also be a source of opportunities. Exposure to and accumulated experience dealing with political risk allows firms to better implement a wide set of political actions such as negotiation of entry conditions, lobbying, litigation, campaign contributions and coalition formation, leading to preferential conditions, reduced environmental uncertainty, reduced transaction costs and increased long-term sustainability to the firm. These advantages facilitate investments in countries with higher and more diverse levels of risk and make political risk to be positively associated with the firm's scope of internationalization. This effect is not homogeneous across firms. Drawing from a sample of 164 Spanish companies with investments in 119 countries, we find that the impact is greater for companies in industrial sectors that are the object of greater governmental regulation than it is for firms in non-regulated manufacturing or service sectors, with less frequent interactions with home and host-country institutions. |
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Keywords: | Political risk Multinational enterprise Experience Political capabilities Foreign direct investment Scope of internationalization |
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