香港工业化与工业地理

香港工业是"转移型"工业．因为特殊的历史和市场条件而在战后迅速发展。它的工业主体是出口导向的劳动密集型轻工业。香港自由贸易政策以及优良的港口及服务设施．使这类工业在国际市场上有重要的时效性及低成本的竞争力。1980年初以来,内地开放,使这个工业体系在空间上扩大,与珠江三角洲一起构成"前店后厂"的地域分工。香港工业在稠密的市区亦形成城市工业地理中的新形态、出现密集的、多层式的各类工业企业在狭小空间上混集,以及工、住用途在同一幢建筑内混集。目前香港工业已到必要的转型阶段。政府需要改变其"自由贸易"政策而采用新的、有力的导向型的政策以营造新工业。同时,香港和珠江三角洲在政策上的合作亦极为必要。

IUDUSTRIALIZATION AND INDUSTRIAL GEOGRAPHY OF HONG KONG

Hong Kong has experienced a "transferred industrialization "due to historical and market specificity. Its industries are mainly export- oriented, labour-intensive light manufacturing. The excellent port and supporting services, as well as laissez- faireism are important reasons for Hong Kong's international competitiveness in cost and seasonality of its industrial products. China's opening and reform since the early 1980s has given the industrial system of Hong Kong the chance to expand massively and to attain a new " front shop, back factory " spatial division of labour with the Pearl River Delta.Industrial growth within Hong Kong's limited territory has also created a unique urban industrial geography of flatted factories mixed within multistorey buldings and industrial and residential uses mixed within the same building.Further growth of Hong Kong's industrial economy requires a major policy re-orientation. Laissez- faireism has to give way to new policies that involve more active government participation to inititate and promote new industries. At the same time cooperation with the Pearl River Delta for joint- measures is also essential for this new initiative.