南亚安全架构:结构性失衡与断裂性融合

安全架构是在明确的地域内形成的一套连贯的、统领的结构,它应有助于解答该地区的政策考虑,并帮助达成安全目标。从一个统领且连贯的角度看,南亚是一个具有独特性和相对封闭性的战略单元,其安全架构呈现出失衡性和断裂性特征。在力量上,"印度中心"特征非常明显,虽然各国对印度的依赖程度不尽相同;在制度上,南亚区域合作联盟制度设计的缺陷产生了经济、社会双重影响,导致印度和巴基斯坦两大阵营经济融合出现断裂以及社会层面上官方与非官方融合的严重脱节;在观念上,南亚地区长期存在重陆地轻海洋、重军事对抗轻人类发展的思维偏见,虽然目前陆权和海权的优先性和权重性正在被重新排序。这种失衡和断裂的安全架构无法适应新的安全诉求,也无助于南亚地区实现长久和平与持久发展。应对这种失衡和断裂进行某些纠正,使之达到相对均衡。这种纠正机制的决定力量将更多依赖于南亚的核心力量,从长远上将依赖南亚地区本身,虽然在中短期,外界的积极政策可以在客观上起到某些纠正效果。

The South Asian Security Architecture:Asymmetric Power Structure and Fractured Regional Integration

Security architecture is an overarching, coherent and comprehensive security structure of a geographically-deed area, and it facilitates the resolution of the regional policy concerns and achieves its security objectives. South Asia is a relatively closed and unique strategic unit, and there are three different ‘layers’ or ‘levels’ showing the asymmetric and fractured security architecture: power, mechanism and idea, which can neither adapt to the new security situations and demands nor satisfy the needs of South Asian people for sustainable peace and sustainable development. The adjustment of such imbalances, fracturation and bias relies on the dominant power of this region, and in the long run, the people of South Asia, though in the short-term, some external active or assertive policies may have certain positive results in practice.