CFCC与FSC认证标准应用比较与实证分析

通过对CFCC与FSC两大森林认证体系标准进行共性与差异性分析,并以福建省顺昌县国有林场为例,分析不同认证标准体系间转化的可行性。结果表明:无论是标准理论层面还是国有林场实证分析,在FSC认证的基础上向CFCC认证转化是可行的。在此基础上,对进一步完善中国森林认证体系与不同认证体系间的转化,提出适时更新完善标准、加强不同认证体系试点推广、加快下游产业链与市场培育等建议。

Comparison and Empirical Analysis of the Application of CFCC and FSC Certification Standards

(1)Background——The Forest Stewardship Council( FSC) is recognized as one of the most representative and influential global certification systems. China also has its own National Forest Certification System( CFCC).Among the 203 state-owned forest farms in Fujian,eleven have successfully passed the FSC forest certification audit. It was not until February 2018 that Shaowuwei Min-State Forest Farm passed the CFCC certification,which shows that the CFCC certification system of state-owned forest farms in Fujian has developed slowly.(2)Methods——The commonness and difference of CFCC and FSC standards are analyzed from core value,standard framework,application effectiveness,scope of applicable objects,and main line of hierarchy. On this basis,this paper analyzes the feasibility of the transformation of different standard theory systems of state-owned forest farms in Fujian. The nonconformity items determined by the FSC in the past few years in the forest certification of the state-owned forest farms in Shunchang County have been analyzed and stimulated by the CFCC standard,and the conclusions were drawn by comparing the results of the annual audit of CFCC certification in 2019 and FSC certification.(3)Results——By comparing and analyzing the standard theories of different certification systems,the commonalities and differences were found that both of them take the sustainable development of forests as the core value,and both build a vertical structure of "principle-standard-indicator"and similar content thrusts. From the perspective of formulation and implementation agencies and application effectiveness,there is a difference between government participation and non-governmental organizations. At the same time,the standard of national forest certification system differs from the international system in applicable object and the area,and the latter is more applicable. The connotation of standard formulation is different from the main line of hierarchy. The CFCC standard takes forest cultivation,protection,harvesting and utilization,monitoring and evaluation as the main lines,while the FSC standard is more divided by society,environment and economy. In the practice transformation of state-owned forest farms,it was concluded that,except for the difference that the "indigenous people"in the FSC standard are not applicable in China,the content of the CFCC standard and the FSC standard are highly similar,and both of them are applicable to the state-owned forest farms in Fujian. The annual FSC nonconformity CFCC conversion simulation analysis of the nonconformance in Shunchang County State Forest Farm revealed a coincident rate of 91. 7% of the non-conformance,and the difference between the nonconformity analysis results of the 2019 CFCC certification main audit and FSC certification annual audit is due to different structure and audit requirements,which also confirmed the feasibility of transforming the CFCC certification based on the existing FSC certification.(4)Conclusions and Discussions——It is necessary to strengthen the research on the new version of FSC certification standards,to learn from each other and carry out the revision and to update of CFCC standards in a timely manner. While highlighting national priorities,it is based on the international platform to better meet the development requirements of forest certification. In addition to increasing the training and publicity of CFCC forest certification,a pilot project for certification of various standards including various forest parks and non-wood forest products should be carried out in state-owned forest farms in Fujian. Gradually offset and reduce the influence of FSC and then extend CFCC to the field of forest management certification to achieve the comprehensive promotion and application of CFCC in the forestry field of Fujian by promoting other certification standards in the CFCC system in addition to forest management. It is required to establish and to improve the market mechanism,to cultivate the formation of the downstream CFCC-COC industry chain,to strengthen the market guidance,to drive the upstream development of the industry with the demand of the downstream industry,and to promote the CFCC certification process of state-owned forest farms and even the forestry industry of Fujian.