国际公共政策的扩散机制与路径研究

政策扩散指某一政策在空间上发生转移,当政策被系统内的某个成员或主体采纳执行之后,又被该系统内的其他成员或主体所采纳的过程。作者通过对当前政策扩散理论的梳理与回顾,总结出三种政策扩散的机制:强权型扩散、道义型扩散以及学习型扩散。根据这三种模式发生的内在因果机制,分别以《北美自由贸易协定》、《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》和拉丁美洲的规制政策为例,分析了不同模式之下政策扩散的假设性时空路径与扩散特征。强权型扩散的核心推动者是层级结构中的霸权者,政策扩散在时间分布上呈现较迅速地由点到面的扩散路径。道义型扩散的基础在于政策的合法性,其扩散速度非常迅速,但扩散的空间分布呈无序状态。学习型扩散基于政策采纳方的理性学习,其扩散模式在时间分布上呈现S形,在空间分布上具有明显的区域性特征。

The Diffusion Mechanism and Path of International Public Policy

Policy diffusion means a process which one policy, after being adopted by one actor in certain system, is adopted by another actor in the system as well. Based on a review of the previous research on policy diffusion, this study summarizes three models of policy diffusion: hegemonic diffusion, symbolic diffusion, and learning diffusion. This study further analyzes the basic mechanisms underlying each model and frames the characteristics of each policy diffusion process. In addition to these theoretical arguments, this research focuses on empirical evidence. By conducting case studies of NAFTA, WHO FCTC, and regulatory policies in Latin America, this research further confirms the three proposed models of policy diffusion.