两阶段供应链的价格牛鞭效应模型

在一个简单如两阶段的供应链中,如果需求者采用＂涨增跌减＂的行为模式,而供给者不采取适当的应对措施,则短期的需求变动可能造成未来较长时期的价格的持续上升和下跌,即价格的牛鞭效应。通过构建一模型,对这一现象作出合理解释,并基于该模型提出有效的价格牛鞭效应的控制措施。

A Model for Bullwhip Effect of Price in a Two-stage Supply Chain

In a supply chain simple as a two-stage one,if the pattern of behavior taken by the demander is increasing the procurement amount when the price is rising and reducing when falling,and no proper counter-actions is taken by the supplier,a small and short-term fluctuation in demand would cause high and long -term price fluctuation,which could be called as a bullwhip effect of price.In this work,a model is developed to give a reasonable explanation to this phenomenon.Then,on the basis of the model,effective control measures for the bullwhip effect of price are proposed.