我国国有银行和股份制商业银行的效率差异及投入拥挤实证研究

利用14家国有银行和股份制商业银行五年的面板数据,本文首先运用数据包络分析法（DEA）对我国两类商业性银行2000年到2004年的技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率进行了测算,并对效率差异进行统计鉴定.结果发现,14家银行总体上效率都呈现上升趋势;国有银行的纯技术效率远远超过股份制银行;股份制银行的规模效率远远超过国有银行.四大国有银行全部处于规模报酬递减状态,适当调整规模可以提高国有银行效率;国有银行和股份制银行的技术效率差异不大.在此基础上,本文对14家银行的投入拥挤情况进行了深入分析,结果发现,（1）总体上,我国国有银行和股份制银行的投入拥挤程度呈下降趋势;（2）国有银行投入拥挤明显改善;（3）股份制银行人员投入拥挤起伏比较大,最后仍然回归到低位水平.分析造成股份制银行投入拥挤大幅度变化的原因,主要是由于交通银行冗余人员的大幅度增长所致.

Efficiency Difference and Input Crowding Analysis on State-owned and Joint-stock Banks

With 5 years of panel data of 14 banks, this paper estimates and tests the differences of technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency(PTE),scale efficiency(SE) between state-owned banks and joint-stock banks first. The findings are, the overall efficiency of 14 banks is increasing; the PTE of state-owned banks is far better than joint-stock banks; the SE of joint-stock banks is far higher than state-owned banks. There is no significant difference between their TEs. On the basis of this, the paper explores the input crowding of two types of banks. Our conclusions are, (1) the input crowding of both two types of banks is decreasing on the whole; (2) the input crowding is improved significantly; (3) joint-stock banks experience big change in labor crowding during the period and back to low level, which is caused by the huge increase of labor slack in Transportation Bank.