村落的传统生存智慧及其现实困境解析——透过能量学的视野

选择南靖县河坑村为研究对象，首先采用文献研究结合田野调查与村民口述史的方法，就传统农耕时期、工业化农业时期，以及商业化旅游开发时期村落的农业生态系统与生产、生活方式等进行梳理，绘制出对应的物质循环与能量流动示意图。通过不同时期生物、环境、人在整体结构中的位置与流动，分析村落自然环境与社会因素的因果循环关系，从中揭示传统农耕时期独特的生存智慧，厘清各种现实困境的历史过程与起因。立足生态系统的能量学视野，就河坑村世遗土楼保护与村落可持续发展提出自己的建议。

Explicating the Traditional Village's Living Wisdom and Its Current Difficulties: From the Perspective of Energetics

Based on the perspective of ecosystem energy, a series of research works on traditional survival wisdom and its realistic predicament is carried out in Hekeng Village of Nangjing city, including literature study, field surveys and oral history collection. Firstly, the agricultural ecosystem, production and lifestyle are summarized from three historical periods of the village, including the farming period, the industrialized agriculture period and the commercial tourism period. Its material and energy circulation diagram of village is mapped out, the interaction of nature environment and social elements are analyzed, as well as the historical development process and causes of realistic predicament. The results show that improving human production and lifestyle in line with the environmental goals is a long-term solution to achieve the protection of Tulou and the sustainable development of villages.