美国遗产景观档案系统化建设的经验及启示

美国是全球最早开展遗产景观档案系统化建设的国家之一。从遗产景观研究和保护的现实需求出发，回顾了美国遗产景观档案系统化建设的发展历程，重点分析其代表性项目——美国历史景观调查，总结了该项目在建设理念、运行机制、技术标准和发布途径等方面的经验。结语部分提出了该项目对中国遗产景观档案建设的启示：保证遗产景观档案项目的独立地位是开展相关工作的基础，围绕遗产景观档案工作建立必要的法律法规是完善体系、增强执行力的保障，遗产信息共享是档案建设工作的最终归宿。

Experiences on Developing Heritage Landscape Documentation Systems in America and Its Implications

The United States of America is one of the earliest countries that developed documentation systems for heritage landscapes. From the perspective of heritage landscape research and conservation, this article explores the history of heritage landscape documentation in America. It also examines four aspects of a representative project, Historic American Landscapes Survey, including its theoretical framework, the operational mechanism, the technological guides and the approaches for publication. The conclusion presents some implications for the documentation of heritage landscapes in China. It was found that ensuring the independent status of the heritage landscape documentation project is the basis for carrying out related work; establishing the necessary laws and regulations is the guarantee for perfecting the system and enhancing the execution of the program; and the sharing of heritage information is the ultimate destination of the heritage landscape documentation.