“知夫画脉”与“如入岩谷”：清初寄畅园的山水改筑与17世纪江南的“张氏之山”

清初寄畅园的改筑奠定了今日园林山水的格局,对当时园主人秦松龄“园成,向之所推为名胜者一切遂废”表述的理解,要进入17世纪明末清初江南园林山水营造转变的具体历史情境,尤其是结合“张氏之山”的认识,并通过改筑前后的对比及对相关文献的分析,从“知夫画脉”的山池经营和“如入岩谷”的谷涧体验两方面认识清初寄畅园山水改筑的具体做法,从而深化对寄畅园的山水营造特色及园林史上“张氏之山”杰出成就的认识。

"Knowing Painting Vein" and "Being Like in Ravine": Jichang Garden's Landscape Reconstruction in Early Qing and "Zhang's Mountain" in 17th Century Jiangnan

The landscape structure of Jichang Garden today is based on the reconstruction in the early Qing period, for which the owner Qin Songling had an assertion of "everything having been regarded as a famous spot before is discarded when the garden reconstruction is accomplished". This paper is to understand the reconstruction with the historical context of the great transition of garden making in the Jiangnan area of the 17th century, especially the role of "Zhang''s Mountain", as well as with the comparison of garden conditions before and after the event and the analysis of related historical materials. From the two aspects of main view of artificial mountain and pond "knowing the painting vein" and brook valley experience "being like in a ravine", the features of Jichang Garden''s mountain-and-water making and the achievements of famous "Zhang''s Mountain" in Chinese garden history can be further understood.