结“亭”组景的旷奥理论研究

回顾唐亭“袭古增妙”“结亭组景”的先锋实践,总结其模式,再认识柳宗元旷奥思想中“游之适”的内涵、要素、目标与价值追求,从“形适”与“意适”2个层面,提炼概括出时空节奏体验的“环-中”旷奥原型——“凌阻峭”与“抵丘垤”的2类空间感受。研究发现：秉承“游所之往”“风景求中”的价值取向,借助空间形态与序列组织调节游-息节奏、实现意境塑造,正是风景旷奥思想的“初心”。在与后来的造园组景、直至今天的绿水青山美之间,旷奥追求虽有间断但初心未变,对此“亭”功不可没。“亭”作为园林组景基本要素逐渐转化为中国园林典型的文化意象符号,作为实现风景旷奥初心的“结亭组景”,逐渐成为中国风景园林建筑的主题母语,开启了中国风景园林感受序列的新天地。进一步以上海松江方塔园与湖北2019园博园灵犀园为例分析探讨了旷奥理论结“亭”组景结合现代条件的运用思路与方法,以期不忘初心,与古为新,弘扬优秀的中华风景园林。

Research on the Theory of Kuang-Ao from Views Setting with Pavilions Organizing

Based on the pioneer practices review and models summary of "inheriting the past, improving the present" and "group scenery with pavilion" with tang pavilion, and by recognizing the connotation, the elements, the goal and the value pursuit of Liu Zongyuan''s "You Zhi Shi" again, the two kinds of space feeling "Ling Zu Qiao" and "Di Qiu Die" were summarized as "Ring-Center" Kuang-Ao prototype with space-time rhythm experience from the "physiological fitness" and "psychological fitness" two levels. Research shows that the beginner''s mind of Liu Zongyuan''s "Feng Jing Kuang-Ao theory" is the value orientation adhering to "where you are going" and "where the harmonious scenery is seeking", and is a highly theoretical generalization by space form and sequence organization to adjust breath rhythm and to achieve conception shaping. Among the beginner''s mind, the later landscape group scene, and the beautiful scenery of green mountains and rivers until today, there is a gap in the pursuit of Kuang-Ao, but the beginner''s mind has not changed. The pavilion is largely responsible for that. As a basic element of artificial landscape composition, the pavilion is gradually transformed into the typical cultural image symbol of Chinese garden. As realizing the beginner''s mind of "Feng Jing Kuang-Ao theory", the pavilion group scene has gradually become the mother tongue of Chinese landscape architecture, and opened a new world of Chinese landscape architecture experience sequence. Further, taking Fangta garden in Songjiang, Shanghai and Lingxi garden, garden expo 2019 Hubei as examples, this paper analyzes and discusses the application ideas and methods of "Kuang-Ao theory" and "pavilion group scene" with modern conditions in order not to forget the beginner''s mind with the ancient for the new, and carry forward the excellent Chinese landscape architecture.