中国风景名胜区制度起源研究

中国风景名胜区依托于数千年演化发展的名山大川而形成，于改革开放初期建立了风景名胜区制度。在自然保护地体系全面改革的背景中，梳理了风景名胜区制度的起源，主要指改革开放初期至《风景名胜区暂行管理条例》颁布这一历史时期的制度形成过程。认为风景名胜区制度缘起于当时我国众多著名山川面临破坏而无人管理的现象，管理议题最早由建设部门提出，1979年正式由国务院确定归口管理部门。制度设计阶段与国内各部门进行了充分而有效的沟通，也较为全面地研究了美国国家公园体系；制度形成的过程反映出当时的决策者和研究者对我国风景资源本质特征的充分认识和积极开放的心态；快速开始的法制化进程大力推动了我国风景名胜区体系的形成。

Research on the Origin of China's Scenic and Historical Area System

Scenic and historical area in China are formed on the basis of thousands of years of evolution and development of famous mountains and rivers. In the context of the comprehensive reform of the protected area system, the origin of the system of scenic and historical area is analyzed, which mainly refers to the formation process of the system from the initial stage of China''s reform and opening to the promulgation of the provisional regulations on the administration of scenic and historical area. The study believes that the scenic and historical area system originated from the phenomenon that many famous mountains and rivers in China were under threat and unmanaged at that time. The administrative issues were first proposed by the construction department, and in 1979 the State Council officially established the centralized administrative department. The decision-makers effectively communicated with various domestic departments, and also comprehensively surveyed the American national park system at the system design stage. The forming process of the system reflects that the decision-makers and researchers at that time fully understood the essential characteristics of China''s landscape resources and had a positive and open mind. The rapid start of the legalization process has greatly promoted the formation of China''s scenic and historical area system.