论强制性制度变迁的弊端及其应对

根据制度变迁的主体、方式的不同，制度变迁可分为诱致性制度变迁和强制性制度变迁。诱致性制度变迁自身存在的外部性和“搭便车”以及谈判成本高、实施难度大等特点，导致制度供给总是少于制度需求，因此强制性制度变迁占据了制度变迁的主导地位。强制性制度变迁虽然能较好地解决制度短缺以及降低制度变迁的成本等问题，但也存在自身无法克服的弊端，需要采取有效措施积极应对之。

The Force-derivative Institutional Changes:Its Malpractice and Solutions

In accordance with the viewpoints of institutional economics, the institutional changes can be divided into two basic forms according to the differences of mainbody and forms of institutional changes, i.e., demand-derivation pattern and force-derivation pattern. Owing to the externality and hitchhike and the high cost of negotiation and difficult execution, the institutional supply is always lower than institutional demands. Therefore, the force-derivation institutional changes run by government occupies the leading position of institutional changes. Although force-derivation institutional changes can solve the problems such as the shortage of institutional and decrease the cost of institutional changes, there exists insuperable malpractice. This paper focuses on the malpractice of force-derivative institutional changes and its countermeasures.