契约农业与养殖户收入：理论线索和经验证据

契约农业是小农户衔接现代农业的有效途径,也是我国农业产业化发展的主导形式。本文构建契约农业影响养殖户收入的理论分析框架,利用610份肉牛养殖户的微观调查数据,运用倾向得分匹配法,实证检验了契约农业对养殖户收入的影响及其作用机制。参加契约农业能显著提升养殖户收入水平,销售合同和生产管理合同均能显著增加养殖户收入,其中生产管理合同的影响程度更大。组群差异分析发现,契约农业对养殖年限、养殖规模和养殖培训等不同组群养殖户收入具有异质性影响。养殖成本和养殖技术在契约农业与养殖户收入之间起到显著的中介作用,即契约农业通过规模效应和技术效应促进养殖户增收。养殖接力在契约农业对养殖户收入提升的过程中起到正向调节作用。政府应积极创造有利条件鼓励和引导契约农业的发展;根据养殖户资源禀赋特征,完善公司与养殖户利益分配机制;通过“干中学”效应,推进新技术的推广和应用;在契约农业中着力推广“母畜分户饲养、仔畜集中育肥”的接力式养殖经营方式,以推动畜牧产业的可持续、高质量发展。

Contract farming and beef cattle farmers

Contract farming is an effective way for small farmers to connect to modern agriculture, and it is also the leading form of agricultural industrialization in China. This paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework on the impact of contract farming on farmers" income, and empirically examines the impact of contract farming on farmers" income and its mechanism of action by using micro-survey data of 610 beef cattle farmers and applying the propensity score matching method. The results showed that participation in contract farming significantly increased farmers" income levels, and both sales contracts and production management contracts significantly increased farmers" income, with production management contracts having a greater impact. The analysis of group differences found that contract farming had heterogeneous effects on farming years, farming scale and farming training on the income of farmers in different groups. Farming cost and farming technology play a significant mediating role between contract farming and farmers" income, i.e., contract farming promotes farmers" income through scale effect and technology effect. Farming relay plays a positive moderating role in the process of contract farming on farmers" income enhancement. Accordingly, the following suggestions are made: the government should actively create favorable conditions to encourage and guide the development of contract farming; improve the benefit distribution mechanism between companies and farmers according to the characteristics of farmers" resource endowments; promote the promotion and application of new technologies through the "dry school" effect; and promote "the separate rearing of females and the rearing of young animals" in contract farming. In contract farming, we are promoting the relay farming operation mode of "female livestock rearing and fattening" to promote the sustainable and high-quality development of the livestock industry.