创新要素流动及影响因素研究述评

从资源比较优势竞争转向创新要素优势竞争是区域竞争的新态势,以创新人才、创新技术和研发资金为主要内容的创新要素自由流动,给区域经济发展带来新的契机与挑战。随着对创新规律认识的深化,创新要素的内涵不断完善丰富。目前对创新要素的定义,有从要素论和系统论角度进行划分。要素论一般把创新要素分为人才要素、资金要素、平台要素、技术要素、社会资本要素、制度及政策要素;系统论认为创新要素主要由产出科技成果的创新活动投入的资源即直接要素,包括技术、资金、人才,以及提供支撑条件,间接推动创新活动的外部环境即间接要素,包括基础设施、社会环境、宏观政策等。本文分析了创新要素与传统生产要素的区别及特征,分析了创新要素流动的机制并对目前主流的引力模型和推拉模型进行了归纳,对影响创新要素流动的影响因素进行了分析,从国内和国际视角对创新因素流动规律进行了总结。未来需要在创新要素流动形成的流数据空间效应、技术转移测度及效应、创新要素配置效率3个方面开展深入研究。

A review of flow and influencing factors of innovation elements

From resource comparative advantage competition to innovation factor advantage competition is a new trend of regional competition. The free flow of innovation elements with innovative talents, innovative technologies and R D funds as the main content brings new opportunities and challenges to regional economic development. With the deepening of the understanding of the law of innovation, the connotation of innovative elements is constantly improved. At present, the definition of innovation elements is divided from the perspective of elemental theory and system theory. The factor theory generally divides the innovation elements into talent elements, capital elements, platform elements, technical elements, social capital elements, systems and policy elements; System theory believes that the elements of innovation are mainly the direct elements of the innovation activities that produce scientific and technological achievements, including technology, capital, talents, and providing supporting conditions to indirectly promote the external environment of innovation activities, namely, indirect factors, including infrastructure and social environment,macro policies, etc. The article analyzes the difference and characteristics between innovation elements and traditional production factors, analyzes the mechanism of innovation element flow and summarizes the current mainstream gravity model and push-pull model, and analyzes the influencing factors affecting the flow of innovation factors, from domestic and the international perspective summarizes the flow of innovation factors. In the future, it is necessary to carry out in-depth research in three aspects: the spatial effect of stream data formed by the flow of innovation factors, the measurement and effects of technology transfer, and the efficiency of innovation element allocation.