中国农村妇女土地权益维护困境及协同治理模式探究

研究目的:剖析当前中国农村基层治理结构下农村妇女土地权益维护过程中存在的治理困境,利用协同治理理论探究维护农村妇女土地权益的有效治理模式。研究方法:文献研究法、逻辑分析法。研究结果:农村妇女土地权益面临着来自制度、法律、政策、文化、性别等方面的多重威胁,在农村妇女土地权益维护过程中,基层政府、村组织及农村妇女分别面临着治理缺位、失位、"失语"的现实困境,亟待构建多元主体参与的协同治理结构。在协同治理网络结构中,村组织发挥主导主体作用,基层政府承担制度法律保障及引导督察的职能,农村妇女需扮演好权利主体的参与及监督角色,大众传媒则需注重舆论监督及文化宣传。SFIC模型为协同治理程序提供了较好的演绎框架,应以构建参与主体间的信任机制为起点,在激励机制、监督机制、利益调解及表达机制的共同运行下,促进协同治理目标的实现。研究结论:为解决基层政府、村级组织及农村妇女等参与主体的治理失灵问题,构建多元主体参与的协同治理模式是创新农村治理体制、有效维护农村妇女土地权益的有益选择。

Protection Dilemma and Collaborative Governance Mode of Rural Women's Land Property Rights in China

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the protection dilemma of rural women’s land property rights problems in China and further explore the effective governance mode of protecting rural women’s land property rights based on the cooperative governance theory. The methods of literature review and logical analysis are employed. The results show that rural women’s land property rights are confronted with the multiple threats from the institutions, laws, policies, culture, gender and other aspects. Grassroots governments, village organizations and rural women both have faced the realistic dilemma of governance absence. Under the collaborative governance network structure, village organizations should play a leading role, grassroots governments need to take the responsibilities of the function of system legal protection and guidance supervision, rural women need to play a key role in the participation and supervision as the subject of their land property rights, and the mass media should also pay attention to public supervision. SFIC model provides a good deductive framework for the cooperative governance process, which should start from the construction of trust mechanism among participants. The goal of collaborative governance would be promoted, combing with the mechanism of incentive, supervision, as well as interest mediation and expression. In conclusion, in order to solve the problem of governance failure of participants (grassroots government, village organizations and rural women), it is beneficial to construct a cooperative governance mode with the participation of multiple subjects.