组织惯例复制的情境嵌入——基于组织双元性的视角

组织惯例复制作为一种价值创造的战略日 益受到学界的关注,但情境与惯例的互动博弈而引致的复制低效或失效则成为当前“复制困境”理论与实践的关键议题。传统研究着重从外部情境切入,保持对惯例复制的宏观层面分析,本研究则将组织惯例复制视为一种内生性政治进程,强调个体机构和管理的自由裁量权等内源性情境要素的作用机理,由此尝试揭示惯例复制微观机制进程中的情境嵌入机理。本文首先对组织惯例复制的情境依赖机制进行了梳理,指出内部情境嵌入是组织惯例复制的核心,而后引入全新的分析单位——特定业务单元,以展示和刻画复制进程中的“组织情境魔力”,进一步以“理性计算还是情感耦合”和“高管团队介入还是放任”作为业务单元特性维度表述了惯例复制过程中的情境差异性。区分并阐述了惯例复制的两种形态:精准的完全复制和适应性的漂移复制,阐述了两种形态的惯例复制在不同情境机制下对利用性能力和探索性能力的差异性匹配需求,然后结合组织双元性能力培育的四种途径创建了一个二维四象限的组织惯例复制模型,实现了结构双元、情景双元、领导双元和集成双元与组织情境(业务单元特性)的匹配适应。

Contextual Embeddedness of Organizational Routines’ Replication: Based on the Perspective of Organizational Ambidexterity

Replication of organizational routines,as a value-creating strategy,is receiving extensive attention from academics,while replication dilemma,which refers to the interaction between a new context and existing routines,induces inefficiency or even failure of replication,thus becoming a pivotal topic of theoretical research and management practice.This paper attempts to reveal the contextual embeddedness of replication with regard to the processes of micro-level mechanisms.Traditional research emphatically works based on the external context,and keep the macro analysis of the replication of organizational routines.This paper considers it as an endogenous political process,meaning that replication is not only a process of transfer at the macro level,but is also an endogenous activity to bridge the gap between organizational agency and routines by means of modification and adjustment.Following the effort to examine internal context,this paper emphasis on individual institutions and management mechanism of the endogenous situation elements,and provides a theoretical basis to open the micro mechanism of the black box process of replication of organizational routines.This article first generalizes the context dependency of replication of organizational routines,points out that the internal situation embedded is the core of replication of organizational routines,and then creatively introduced new analysis unit-a specific business unit to show the context magic.Further it uses terms of“tional or emotional coupling”and“executive team involvement or indulge”as a business unit feature dimension expression of duplicating the differences between the context in the process of replication of routines,and differently analyze two forms of replication:precisely complete replication and adaptable drift of replication,and points out the match of the two forms of replication of routines and Exploration and Exploitation,and then through the induction of existing literature point out that the ambidexterous competence of four kinds of ways,which creates a two perspectives and four quadrant model to achieve matching between organizational ambidexterity and business-unit specificity,which are rational calculation,low TMT involvement and structural ambidexterity,emotional coupling,low TMT involvement,and contextual ambidexterity,rational calculation,high TMT involvement,and leading ambidexterity,and emotional calculation,high TMT involvement,and integrated ambidexterity.This paper examines the interaction between routine and context through the concept of contextual embeddedness,applying the replication of routines to broad,vibrant micro cognitive contexts,and then combining managerial discretion in the replication process with the specificity of the business unit to offset the absence of individual agency.We believe that this effort will not only help us to clearly depict and present“organizational contextual magic”,open the“black box”of routine replication,and solve the replication dilemma,but will also enrich and improve theories relating to management transplantation,cross-cultural comparative management,and the growth of firms.From a management practice perspective,this research will guide enterprises in cultivating dynamic capacity,improving strategic flexibility,and replicating enterprises own(or others)mature and advanced technology,business models,and system-specific practices in new social contexts in order to develop new markets,improve international strategies,and adapt to new contexts.