中国新型农村金融机构空间分布与扩散特征

在新型农村金融机构静态空间分布基础上,以“金融密度”为衡量指标,考察2007—2018年新型农村金融机构空间分布与扩散特征,结果表明:①新型农村金融机构空间分布呈整体分散但相对集中状态,从形式上覆盖了31个省份,但实际覆盖空间非常狭小。②基于ArcGIS的村镇银行经济金融密度、人口金融密度和地理金融密度分析发现两个突出的空间扩散特征,一是新型农村金融机构虽然大部分在中西部地区,但空间分布存在省级差异和地区不均衡;二是它们基本遵循从经济发展水平较好地区向经济发展欠佳地区、人口密度较大到人口密度低地区等空间扩散路径,但在面积相等条件下,人口密度、基础设施、信用体系、运营成本与金融风险等因素导致这一扩散路径逆转。③最后结合金融科技趋势,提出政策层面适度调整农村金融发展思路,将重心调整至“数字金融”探索改善金融可达性的建议。

The Study of Spatial Distribution and Diffusion of New Rural Financial Institutions:Based on ArcGIS Software

The spatial distribution and diffusion characteristics of the new rural financial institutions are the important decision-making basis to determine the direction of the rural financial market reform.On the basis of the static spatial distribution of new rural financial institutions,this study measures the spatial diffusion characteristics of new rural financial institutions from 2007 to 2018,using"financial density"as an indicator.The results show that:1)The spatial distribution of new rural financial institutions is overall dispersed but relatively concentrated,covering 31 provinces in terms of form.But the actual coverage space is very small.2)Two prominent spatial diffusion features were found in analysis of economic and financial density,population financial density and geographic financial density of village banks based on ArcGIS,one is that although the new rural financial institutions are mostly in the central and western regions,there are provincial differences and regional imbalances,the other is that the new rural financial institutions basically follow the spatial diffusion path from areas with better economic development to areas with poor economic development,areas with large population density to low population density,however,under equal size conditions,population density,infrastructure,credit system,operating costs and financial risks and other factors lead to the reversal.3)Finally,combined with the trend of Fintech,this study puts forward the idea of adjusting the rural financial development idea moderately at the policy level,adjusting the focus to"digital finance"to explore improving financial accessibility.