效益转移在陕北煤炭开发环境损失评估中的应用

为了正确评价煤炭开发利用所得到的真实收入，不但要将煤炭开发利用中所造成的自身价值折耗从收入中剔除，还要扣除其对生态环境破坏所造成的价值损失。本文利用CVM方法对陕北地区神木县大柳塔镇、西沟乡和榆阳区牛家梁镇3个乡镇在煤炭开发过程中所造成的生态环境价值损失进行了定性分析和定量评价，提出当地的最小补偿意愿（WTAC）主要与当地百姓对环境破坏的态度（Atu）和当地的户均收入（Income）正相关；给出大柳塔镇、西沟乡和牛家梁镇三地由于煤炭开采过程中造成的环境破坏百姓愿意接受的户均最小补偿意愿每年分别为4634，524元、2671.348元和4813.265元。在此基础上，展开效益转移法在陕北煤炭开发环境损失评估中的精度和可靠性研究。研究结果表明，当使用效益转移法求某地的最小补偿意愿时，其已研究地和决策地之间必须具有相同或极相近的环境对象和社会经济变量，否则会造成效益转移的结果不可靠，给出过高或过低的估计值，为效益转移法在不可再生资源跨区域环境损失中的研究提供理论和现实依据。

Applying the Benefit Transfer Method to Evaluating Environmental Loss in Coal Resource Exploitation in Northern Shaanxi

In order to get an appropriate evaluation of the net benefit from the coal fossil exploitation, the loss of the environment deterioration should be considered into the cost loss just same as the value depletion from the resource exploitation. With CVM, this paper give a quantitative analysis of the environment deterioration loss in the exploiting process in Daliuta Town, the Xigou Xiang, and Niujialiang Town in north Shaanxi Province. Based on these analytic results, the accuracy and the reliability of the benefit transfer in evaluating the environment deterioration are tested, which can provide a theoretical and practical basis for its further application in the evaluating of the environmental deterioration loss across region.