英美法系双层次因果关系之借鉴

英美刑法在因果关系的认定上采双层次模式，先进行事实因果判断，再进行法律因果判断。事实因果判断以but-for原则为核心，在“并行因果关系”和不当扩张处罚范围的场合应当分别采用NESS标准和实质因素标准进行修正。法律因果判断以“近因”为核心，旨在考察行为发生结果的盖然性和介入因素造成结果的盖然性比较。预见说有主观归罪嫌疑，观念说过于抽象，政策说将行为人作为工具看待，它们均存在缺陷，只能作为判断“近因”的考察因素。英美法系的双层次因果关系判断相比大陆法系的因果关系理论逻辑清晰，渗透主观要素，实用主义色彩明显，值得大陆法系刑法理论借鉴。

The Experience in the Double Causation in Anglo-american Criminal Law

The causation in anglo-american criminal law takes double mode, the fact judgement is before the legal judge-ment. Fact causation is centered with but-for principle, and take the theory of NESS and real factor standard in the situation of enlarging the scale of punishment. legal causation takes the rule of"close cause" as the center, which considers the proba-bility of causing the result. The theory of foreseen is criticized with convint a crime by a person's mind, the theory of con-cept is too abstract, and the theory of policy sees people as tools.The double causation in anglo-american criminal law is more logical than continental law system,the judgement of causation is clear and practical,and deserves us ti leran.