市场出清与经济增长——国民收入模型中一个结论的修补及其意义

储蓄等于投资是宏观经济学教科书中的一个基础性结论,而高投资率或高储蓄率意味着高增长率又为大多数经济学家所接受;但在近年来分析我国宏观经济现象时,又经常出现把经济紧缩的症结归结于消费不足,即储蓄率过高的观点。在分析时,常常指出储蓄大于投资,却回避解释储蓄不等于投资的原因。从宏观经济理论体系中的国民收入模型分析看,上述矛盾的根源在于经济分析中的投资和储蓄的概念并不相等。投资相等的储蓄概念实际上包含了未实现的投资和消费。因此,高储蓄率并非经济紧缩的原因,解决经济紧缩的方法不仅在于减少储蓄,还在于市场出清的实现。从根本上解决我国需求不足状况,必须调整经济结构,使消费品生产、资本品生产与我国较高的储蓄率相匹配,按比例发展。

Market Clear-up and Economic Growth

It is a basic conclusion that saving equals investment in macroeconomic textbooks, and that high investment or saving rate brings about high growth rate of economy, as is accepted by most of the economists. Recent analyses indicate that the recession of economy is caused by low consuming rate owing to high saving rate. It is argued saving is larger than investment but gives no reason. This paper tries to analyze the macroeconomic system, and maintain that the problem lies in the concept in economic analysis that investment is equal to saving, as actually involves unrealized investment as well as consumption, which calls for clearing market.