企业逆向跨国并购后的组织身份管理模式研究

“逆向跨国并购”(即并购发达国家企业)已成为中国企业获取海外战略性资产、提升全球竞争力的重要“跳板”。然而,与传统跨国并购相比,逆向跨国并购呈现“以弱并强”甚至“蛇吞象”的独特特征,导致并购双方存在显著的身份落差。身份落差使得并购后的“组织身份管理”变得尤为重要,因为不恰当的身份管理模式会对并购整合产生负面影响。基于此,本文综合采用探索性案例研究方法与大样本统计方法,探究中国企业逆向跨国并购后的组织身份管理模式。研究发现,组织身份落差的方向和强度是决定并购后组织身份管理模式选择的重要因素;高强度身份逆差与“单一隔离型”模式匹配,低强度身份逆差与“双元联邦型”模式匹配,身份顺差与“统一吸收型”模式匹配;不同身份管理模式在话语建构、业务运营、权力关系、象征行为等方面存在显著差异。进一步大样本统计研究表明,身份落差与身份管理模式的匹配关系具有较高普适性,但也受核心业务相关性、业务分割等因素影响。本文不仅揭示身份落差与身份管理模式之间的匹配关系,构建逆向跨国并购后的组织身份管理理论,也对中国企业在逆向跨国并购后有效管理双方组织身份、提升并购整合绩效具有启示意义。

Research on Organizational Identity Management Model after Reverse Cross-border M&As of Enterprises

Reverse cross-border mergers and acquisitions(M&As)have become an important springboard strategy for Chinese enterprises to acquire overseas strategic assets and enhance global competitiveness.However,compared to traditional cross-border M&As,reverse cross-border M&As have many distinctive characteristics,namely the weaker side’s acquisition of the stronger side or even the snake’s attempt to swallow the elephant,which leads to a significant identity gap between the acquirer and the acquired.Identity gap makes organizational identity management particularly important after M&As,because inappropriate identity management model has a negative impact on M&As integration.This paper explores organizational identity management model after reverse cross-border M&As by exploratory case study and large sample statistical method.The research shows that the direction and the strength of organizational identity gap are important factors to determine the choice of organizational identity management model after reverse cross-border M&As.The high-strength identity deficit matches with the single isolation identity management model;the low-strength identity deficit matches with the dual federation management model;the identity surplus matches with the unified absorption management model.Identity management models differ in discourse construction,business operation,power relationship,symbolic behavior,etc.Further statistical research shows that the matching relationships between identity gap and identity management model are universally applicable,while such relationships are affected by core business relevance and business fragmentation.This paper not only reveals the matching relationship between organizational identity gap and identity management model,and constructs the theory of organizational identity management after reverse cross-border M&As,but also generates managerial implications on how Chinese enterprises effectively manage organizational identities of both sides and improve the M&As integration performance after reverse cross-border M&As.