安徽省乡村人居环境评价及空间格局分析

目的 基于“三生”空间视角评价乡村人居环境建设水平并分析其空间格局特征,对制定差异化的乡村发展定位及实现乡村人居环境优化具有重要借鉴意义。方法 文章构建安徽省乡村人居环境评价指标体系,从生产空间、生活空间、生态空间三大维度系统评价安徽省乡村人居环境,并基于全局Moran''s I 指数分析其乡村人居环境的空间格局特征。结果 （1）建模评价发现,2018年安徽省乡村人居环境整体水平空间分布高值区主要集中在皖中、皖南地区,低值区主要集中在皖北地区。其中,乡村生产发展水平空间分布高值区主要集中在合肥、马鞍山、滁州,低值区主要集中在淮北、阜阳、亳州、六安、安庆;乡村生活保障水平空间分布高值区主要集中在“合芜马”皖江经济带,低值区主要集中在阜阳、六安;乡村生态环境水平的空间分布高值区主要集中在黄山、宣城及“合芜马”,低值区主要集中在六安、阜阳、宿州。（2）空间格局分析发现,乡村人均环境水平的全局Moran''s I为0.462 5。其中,合肥、马鞍山、芜湖为高水平聚类区（HH）,阜阳、亳州、淮北、宿州为低水平聚类区（LL）。结论 （1）2018年安徽省乡村人居环境水平存在较大空间分异,呈现“中部与南部偏高、北部偏低”的特征;（2）安徽省乡村人居环境水平呈正的空间自相关,其中生态环境水平与生活保障水平互为关联,两者空间分布特征也较为吻合。

EVALUATION OF RURAL HUMAN SETTLEMENT ENVIRONMENT AND ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL PATTERN IN ANHUI PROVINCE

To evaluate the level of rural residential environment construction and analyze its spatial pattern characteristics based on the spatial perspective of "Three Living" is of great significance for formulating differentiated rural development orientation and optimizing rural living environment. This study constructed an evaluation index system of rural human settlements in Anhui province, and evaluated the rural human settlements in Anhui province from three dimensions of production space, living space and ecological space, then analyzed the spatial pattern characteristics of rural human settlements based on Moran''s I index. The results were listed as follows. (1) The high value areas were mainly concentrated in the middle and south of Anhui province, and the low value areas were mainly concentrated in the north of Anhui province. Among them, the high value areas of rural production development level were mainly concentrated in Hefei, Ma''anshan and Chuzhou; the low value areas were mainly concentrated in Huaibei, Fuyang, Bozhou, Lu''an and Anqing; the high value areas of rural living security level were mainly concentrated in the "He Wu Ma" Wanjiang economic belt, the low value areas were mainly concentrated in Lu''an and Fuyang; the high value areas of rural ecological environment level were mainly concentrated in Huangshan, Xuancheng and "He Wu Ma", while the low value areas were mainly in Lu''an, Fuyang and Suzhou. (2) According to the spatial pattern analysis, Moran''s I of rural per capita environmental level was 0.462 5. Hefei, Ma''anshan and Wuhu were high-level cluster areas (Hh); Fuyang, Bozhou, Huaibei and Suzhou were low-level cluster areas (LL). In summary, the level of rural human settlements in Anhui province has a large spatial difference, showing the characteristics of "higher in the middle and South and lower in the north". And there is a positive spatial autocorrelation between the level of ecological environment and the level of living security, and the spatial distribution characteristics of the two are relatively consistent.