黑龙江垦区种养业生产系统可持续发展评价

[目的]黑龙江垦区作为中国农业先进生产力的代表地区，如何促进其农业可持续发展，已成为热点研究内容。[方法]文章运用能值分析和敏感性分析方法，以黑龙江垦区种养业生产系统为研究对象，综合分析了2009—2018年该系统能值投入的动态变化过程，并评价该系统可持续发展水平。[结果] 2009—2018年黑龙江农垦种养业生产系统的能值投入呈现“增长—平稳”的趋势。2018年能值投入为11.28×1021sej，不可更新的工业辅助能、可更新的环境资源是能值投入的主要来源，占能值投入总量的64.20%。其中，单位产值能值投入量为1.47×1015sej/万元，能值产出率为2.00，环境负载率为1.05，可持续发展指数为1.91。[结论]黑龙江垦区种养业生产系统的可持续发展水平相对较高，但近年来经济效益有所下降，较为依赖工业产品投入。因此，建议黑龙江垦区开展系统性研究，建立机械化生产定位观测站，加强农机具管理与应用，优化柴油和氮肥投入量，明确种养业可持续发展路径，形成区域特色的循环农业发展模式。

SUSTAINABILITY EVALUATION ON CROP-FARM ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM OF HEILONGJIANG LAND RECLAMATION AREA

Agriculture is fundamental to the national economy and plays a crucial role in guaranteeing the security of food, resource and ecosystem. In recent years, agriculture sustainable development has caused widespread concern in the international community. Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area (HLRA) is one of the major agricultural production areas and optimized agricultural developing areas in China. It has better agricultural production conditions. However, excessive consumption of water and soil resources, as well as the overuse of pesticide and chemical fertilizer, has an impact on agricultural production stability and sustainable development. With the advancement of agricultural supply-side structural reform, promoting agricultural sustainable development has become a central issue for agricultural reform. Emergy evaluation and sensitivity analysis were adopted in this study to assess the dynamic change of emergy input and to evaluate sustainable development in the crop-farm animal production system of HLRA from 2009 to 2018. The results showed that emergy input experienced a trend of growth and stabilization from 2009 to 2018. Energy input was 10.13×10²¹ sej in 2009, and 11.28×10²¹ sej in 2018. Non-renewable industrial resources and renewable organic resources were the major sources of energy input, which accounted for 64.20 % of the total. Renewable resources, non-renewable resources, non-renewable industrial resources and renewable organic resources were 3.66×10²¹, 1.97×10²¹, 3.80×10²¹ and 1.85×10²¹ sej in 2018. Besides diesel and nitrogen fertilizer were 1.09×10²¹ sej and 1.13×10²¹ sej, which were about one-third of the non-renewable industrial resources. Emergy per value was 1.47×10¹¹ sej/yuan, emergy yield ratio was 2.00, environment load ratio was 1.05, and emergy sustainable index was 1.91. From 2009 to 2018, the economic benefits of the crop-farm animal production system in HLRA have declined, relying more on industrial product input, increasing environmental pressure, and decreasing the level of sustainable development. However, horizontally compared with the evaluation results of other regions, the sustainable development capacity of the crop-farm animal production system is at an upstream level. Together with these results from Emergy evaluation and sensitivity analysis, reducing non-renewable industrial resources was a good pattern to improve energy sustainable index. Therefore, it was recommended that HLRA carried out systematic research, clarified the sustainable development path of the breeding industry, and formed a circular agriculture development model with regional characteristics. And mechanized production positioning observation station was established to optimize the management of agricultural machinery, reduce diesel and nitrogen fertilizer input. What''s more, some advices are given to the agriculture machinery application. Firstly, optimize agriculture machinery structure, which keeps all machinery in good operation. Secondly, enhancing the machinery application in fields, which helps to save energy and to reduce pollution.