农机社会化服务对小麦生产技术效率的影响

目的 在中国土地规模经营和服务规模经营并重推进粮食作物效率提升背景下，进一步探讨农机社会化服务对小麦生产技术效率提升效应的规模异质性具有现实意义。方法 文章使用随机前沿分析和门限回归分析，利用2018年全国6省区小麦种植户经营情况，对农机社会化服务影响小麦生产技术效率及影响效果规模异质性进行研究。结果 农机社会化服务的采用有助于提升小麦生产技术效率；农机社会化服务对小麦生产技术效率存在门限效应，当农户经营规模低于门限值（0.293hm²）时，农机社会化服务对小麦生产技术效率不具有显著影响，跨越门限值后，农机社会化服务对小麦生产技术效率则具有正向影响效应。基于农户适度规模经营的情况下，农机社会化服务对中等规模（0.293hm²＜Area＜3.333hm²）农户的小麦生产技术效率具有显著正向影响。结论 农机社会化服务有助于提升中国小麦种植户技术效率，但受限于农户规模，推进农机社会化服务发展的同时仍然需要推动土地的适度规模经营。

INFLUENCE OF SOCIALIZED SERVICE OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ON WHEAT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENCY

In the context of China''s land scale operation and service scale operation promoting the efficiency of food crops, it is of practical significance to further explore the scale heterogeneity of the effect of socialized agricultural machinery on the efficiency of wheat production technology. Based on the business conditions of wheat growers in 6 provinces across the country in 2018, and using stochastic frontier analysis and threshold regression analysis, and the impact of socialized agricultural machinery services on wheat production technology efficiency and the impact of scale heterogeneity were studied. The results were showed as follows. The adoption of socialized agricultural machinery services helped to improve the technical efficiency of wheat production; the socialized agricultural machinery services had a threshold effect on the technical efficiency of wheat production. When the scale of farmer households was below the threshold (0.293 hm²), the socialized agricultural machinery services had no significant impact on the technical efficiency of wheat production. After crossing the threshold, the socialized agricultural machinery services had a positive effect on the technical efficiency of wheat production. Based on the condition that farmers operate on a moderate scale, socialized agricultural machinery services had a significant positive impact on the technical efficiency of wheat production for medium-scale farmers (0.293 hm²2). In summary, the socialized agricultural machinery service can help improve the technical efficiency of wheat growers in China, but it is limited by the scale of farmer households. While advancing the development of socialized agricultural machinery services, it is still necessary to promote the appropriate scale of land operation.