以旧换新情境下动力电池梯次利用闭环供应链决策研究

针对制造商、经销商和梯次利用商组成的动力电池双闭环供应链，考虑动力电池以旧换新后进行梯次利用和拆解情境，运用博弈分析方法研究无补贴和有补贴情况下供应链内部各利益主体的最优决策，采用数值仿真分析各参数对于博弈主体利润的影响。研究发现：随着政府对以旧换新补贴的增加，梯次利用率会随之增加，进而促进梯次利用商利润增长；消费者对旧产品的评价折扣越大，动力电池的批发价和零售价越高，会促进消费者以旧换新行为，梯次利用率亦呈缓慢上升趋势；将以旧换新补贴及梯次利用难度维持在合理范围内可以在提升梯次利用率的同时保证梯次利用商和制造商利润的提升。

Research on Power Battery Step-utilization Closed-loop Supply Chain under Trade-in Situation

Aiming at the double closed-loop supply chain of power battery composed of manufacturer, distributor and step user, considering the situation of step utilization and disassembly of power battery after replacing old battery, the optimal decision of each interest subject in the supply chain without subsidy and with subsidy is studied by using game analysis method, and the influence of each parameter on the profit of game subject is analyzed by numerical simulation. The research results show that with the increase of government subsidy for trade-in, the echelon utilization rate will increase, which will promote the profit growth of echelon users. The larger the discount of consumers on used products, the higher the wholesale price and retail price of power batteries, which will promote consumers'' trade-in behavior, and the step utilization rate also shows a slow rising trend. Maintaining the trade-in subsidy and the difficulty of ladder utilization within a reasonable range can improve the utilization rate of ladder while ensuring the increase of profits of ladder users and manufacturers.