制造业企业的迁移特征、机制及其绩效——以杭州市为例

企业迁移对产业转型升级、城市功能优化及区域一体化建设具有重要意义。以杭州市544家制造业企业为研究对象,探究杭州市内企业县际迁移、同一区(县、市)内部企业跨乡镇街道迁移特征,进一步剖析企业迁移的动力机制,并结合倾向得分匹配方法对企业迁移绩效进行评价,主要研究结论如下:①杭州市西湖区、江干区等近郊区是制造业企业主要的净迁出地,主要迁往余杭区和萧山区等远郊区。②余杭区、萧山区及江干区等区域内部企业迁移活动频繁,中心城区内企业迁移相对不活跃。县区内企业迁移具有有序性,呈现出扩散与再集聚并存的特征。③迁移企业具有规模衰减性,迁移企业数随企业规模等级的增加而递减,半数以上迁移企业的总资产位于107.0~2 262.7万元之间。④制造业企业迁出和迁入的影响机制存在差异,开发区和高速公路建设对企业总体兼具虹吸效应和挤出效应。⑤对于总体样本及同县区内跨乡镇街道迁移样本而言,迁移有利于提升企业绩效,但跨区(县、市)迁移企业的绩效与对照企业无显著差异,在采用不同绩效指标、差异化的匹配方法计算后结论依然稳健。

Migration Characteristics,Mechanisms and Performance of Manufacturing Enterprises:A Case of Hangzhou

Enterprise migration is of great significance to industrial transformation and upgrading, urban function optimization and regional integration. Taking 544 manufacturing enterprises in Hangzhou as research objects, this paper explored the inter-county(district) and intra-county(district) migration characteristics of manufacturing enterprises,analyzed the dynamic mechanism, and then evaluated their performance with the method of propensity score matching.The main conclusions are as follows. Firstly, the suburban areas of Hangzhou, such as Xihu district and Jianggan district,experienced the largest net loss of enterprises, most of the migration enterprises moved in distant suburbs which are Xiaoshan district and Yuhang district. Secondly, internal migration activities are frequent in Yuhang district, Xiaoshan district and Jianggan district compared with the central areas of Hangzhou. The migration of enterprises in the county(district) is orderly, diffusion and re-agglomeration coexist. What’s more, it shows a trend of scale reduction: the number of migration enterprises decreases with the increase of enterprise scale, the asset of more than half of these migration enterprises is between 1 070 and 22 627 thousand yuan. In addition, it has difference in the influence mechanism of manufacturing enterprises which move in new site and out of former site, the development zone and highway have both siphon effect and extrusion effect. Lastly, migration is conducive to the improvement of business performance for the overall sample and intra-county(district) migration enterprise, it has no significant difference between inter-county(district) migration and the comparison enterprise, which is still robust after using different performance indicators and differentiated matching methods.