武汉市文化遗产的社会记忆演化特征——以文物保护单位为例

从社会记忆的维度,对武汉市283处文物保护单位构建“士农工商兵”的分类体系,并梳理其时间演变和空间结构特征,发现:①时间上武汉市文物保护单位的文化类型表现出由单一走向丰富的基本特性,可基本分为“远古—六朝”、“隋唐至今”的两大阶段,总体表现为“生存文化—手工文化—学士文化—本土商贸文化—机械文化—军事纪念文化”的过渡特征。②空间上呈现出从分散到集中,由外围城区向中心城区聚集的特征;总体形成“两轴—四斑—两圈层”的空间分布体系。这种社会记忆的演化特征体现了占社会主导地位的意识形态和文化特征的变化,以及社会生产力的进步。这说明社会记忆的演化,受到社会群体的社会生产方式和生产关系的直接影响,主流生产力决定社会记忆的构建。

The Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Cultural Heritage in Wuhan from the Perspective of Social Memory:Taking Cultural Relic Protection Units as the Example

Basing on the method of GIS and from the perspective of social memory, this paper constructs the classification system of "Scholar, farmer, artisan ,merchant and soldier" and analyzes the space structure and temporal evolution characteristics of cultural relic conservation units in Wuhan. The results show that: 1) In term of time, cultural relic conservation units in Wuhan can be divided into two parts: the one is from the ancient times to AD 581, another is the time after AD 581. Cultural system presents the evolution characteristics that are from single to multiple, and follows the law of "living culture-handicraft culture-bachelor culture-military memorial culture-mechanical culture" on the whole. 2) In term of space, it shows the feature which is from dispersion to concentration and concentration areas move from the outer city to the central city. Different types forms different distribution patterns. The spatial distribution characteristic of cultural relic conservation units in Wuhan is "two axes;four spots;two circles". The evolution of cultural relic conservation units reflects the change of ideology and cultural characteristics, as well as the progress of social productivity, and is directly affected by the social production mode and production relations of social groups, the mainstream production determines the construction of social memory.