城市社区建成环境对居民日常出行行为的影响分析

文章基于"不同目的的出行行为与建成环境的关系亦不相同"这一假设展开研究。借助北京市第四次居民出行调查,提取"出行链"作为分析单元,通过"主要中途活动地点"识别出"生计"、"生活"、"娱乐"三类出行链;以出行总距离和出行方式为因变量,居住区建成环境和个人经济社会属性为自变量,构建分层线性模型,刻画空间自变量与个体自变量对不同目的出行为的影响。结果表明:①居住区建成环境与出行行为关系受出行目的的影响显著。建成环境对生计出行链的影响最大,对生活出行链的影响次之,对娱乐出行链的影响不显著。②对生计出行链影响最大的空间变量是"距中心区距离"和"公交线网密度",对生活出行链影响最大的空间变量是"土地混合利用指数"。

Impact of Residential Built Environment on Daily Travel Behavior

Existing studies that examines the built environment and travel behavior has frequently found inconsistent results, which can be attributed to the different treatments of travel purposes. This paper investigates the extent to which residential built environment influences trip-chaining behavior if travel purposes are differentiated. Using trip chain as the analysis unit of travel, three travel purposes were classified: subsistence, maintenance and recreation, based on the data from the Forth Beijing Resident Travel Survey. With the independent variables from both individual and residential levels, hierarchical linear model is applied respectively to estimate travel distance and major travel mode of a trip chain for all three travel purposes. The results showed that the influence of residential built environment on either travel distance or travel mode is highly conditional on travel purpose. The residential built environment has the greatest influence on the subsistence trip chain, followed by maintenance trip chain, while the recreation trip chainis barely affected. Additionally, two spatial variables,"distance from the city center" and "public transit density", have the largest effects on subsistence trip chain, while the "land use mix index" influences maintenance trip chain strongly. Compared to the former research on the relationship between residential built environment and travel behavior, this paper subdivides the travel purpose and takes the trip chain as an analysis unit. These findings have important implications for urban planning and traffic management policies.