外资主导下的汽车制造业空间分布特征及其影响因素——以广州为例

以1069家广州汽车及零部件制造业企业为研究对象,采用GIS和HDBSCAN空间聚类方法分析其空间布局变化及特征,并采用负二项回归模型定量分析影响汽车制造业企业分布的因素,研究发现:①广州汽车制造业企业空间集聚特征显著,空间布局演变由近郊区往外围区域扩张;②由于长期过于依赖外资整车企业,导致广州汽车制造业产业链存在过于封闭的特征,对汽车零部件企业的辐射带动效应不足;③外资和内资汽车零部件企业在空间布局上存在明显差异,外资企业偏向围绕外资整车企业布局,而内资企业偏向沿交通干线布局;④广汽传祺、广汽客车等中国品牌对广州汽车零部件企业更具有辐射带动效应,有利于推动技术创新;⑤负二项回归模型显示整车带动、区位因素、集聚经济、人口密度等因素对汽车制造业企业空间布局有重要影响,而交通因素对广州汽车制造业企业布局影响不显著。

Spatial Distribution Evolvement Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Automobile Manufacturing Industry under the Guidance of Foreign Investment:A Case Study of Guangzhou

Taking 1069 automobile and parts manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou as research object, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution evolution of Guangzhou automobile manufacturing industry and influencing factors by means of GIS, HDBSCAN spatial clustering and negative binomial regression model. It is concluded that: 1) Guangzhou's automobile manufacturing enterprises have significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, and their spatial layout evolves from suburban to peripheral areas. 2) Due to long-term overreliance on foreign companies, automobile manufacturing industry chain in Guangzhou is too closed, and the foreign-funded vehicle enterprises have insufficient radiation-induced effects on auto parts enterprises. 3) there are obvious differences in the spatial layout of foreign-funded and domestic-funded auto parts companies, foreign-funded enterprises tend to focus on the layout of foreign-funded vehicle companies, while domestic-funded enterprises tend to focus on the layout along the trunk line. 4) Chinese brand automobile companies including Guangzhou Automobile Group Motor and Guangzhou Automobile Group Autobus have more radiation-driving effects on Guangzhou automobile manufacturing industry and promote technological innovation. 5) It, based on the negative binomial regression model, shows that influencing factors such as driving effect of vehicle companies, location factors, agglomeration economy, and population density have an important impact on spatial layout of automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou. The traffic factor has no significant impact on layout of automobile manufacturing enterprises.