企业的性质:要素使用权交易合约之履行过程

本文对企业的性质进行了分析 ,发现企业的性质在于 ,企业是市场中由要素所有者签订的一组不完备的要素使用权交易合约的履行过程。要素使用权交易合约的履行过程包括要素投入、要素使用权 (核心是剩余控制权 )的行使以及要素增值的分配 (核心是剩余索取权的行使 )以及企业组织资本与组织资产的创造和使用等 ,这一过程融交易功能与生产功能于一体。该组合约的关键内容就在于企业剩余索取权与剩余控制权的安排。作为要素使用权交易合约的履行过程 ,企业与市场是不能截然对立分离的 ,即要素市场、资产及服务市场等与要素使用权交易合约的签订与履行是互为基础 ,互相促进的。

The Nature of the Firm:a Fulfilling Process of a Set of Incomplete Contracts of Factors' Using Rights Transactions

This paper discusses the nature of the firm. Based on the papers on the contractual theory of firm, and further analysis, the paper show us that the nature of the firm is a fulfilling process of a set of incomplete contracts of factors' using rights transactions entered into by factors' owners in the market. The process includes input of factors, the exercising of factors' using rights (residual rights of control as its core),the allocation of the value-added of factors(the exercising of claim to residue as its core)and the creation and use of firm's organizational capital and organizational assets,the transaction function and production function are highly integrated in the process. So, residual rights of control and claim to residue constitute the core content of the set of contracts. As a fulfilling process of a set of incomplete contracts of factors' using rights transactions, the firm and the markets(such as factors markets, assets and service markets, etc.) can not be viewed as complete mutual oppositions, but as the basis for one anther, and they promote one another.