Women's political leadership and economic empowerment: Evidence from public works in India |
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| Institution: | 1. Development Economics Research Group, The World Bank, MC3, 1818 H St. NW, Washington DC, 20433, United States;2. Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, India, Sargam Marg, Vastrapur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380015, India;3. Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;1. University of Technology Sydney & IZA, UTS Business School, Department of Economics, 14-28 Ultimo Rd, Ultimo NSW 2008, Australia;2. Max-Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, Munich, Germany;3. Paris School of Economics, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, & CEPII, France;1. Department of Economics, Federal University of Paraiba, Jardim Cidade Universitaria, Joao Pessoa - PB, 58.051-900 Brazil;2. University of Tennessee, Department of Economics, 527A, Stokely Management Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996 USA;3. CEPII, 20 Avenue Segur, Paris F-75007, France;1. ETH Zurich, Switzerland;2. University of Bern, Switzerland;3. Tulane University, United States;1. EconomiX-CNRS, University of Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France;2. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center (KAPSARC), P.O. Box 88550, Riyadh 11672, Saudi Arabia;3. Policy Planning Staff, French Foreign Office, Paris, France;4. BETA-CNRS, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France |
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| Abstract: | Despite recent advances, women trail men in political participation, especially in developing countries where the long-term economic benefits from empowering women politically have not been well-researched. We use data from 163 villages of 12 main Indian states to explore whether requiring that village leadership positions be held by women (political reservation) affected uptake of economic opportunities via the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. Reservation triggered increases in women's demand for work, program participation, and access to financial services that were sustained beyond the period of female political leadership. Enhanced female participation in program oversight, civic engagement, and electoral participation are plausible channels for such effects and political and economic empowerment seem to be complementary. |
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