珠江三角洲经济发展、城市扩张与农田流失研究——以东莞市为例

珠江三角洲自改革开放的２０年来经历了巨大的发展，但也导致了城市的迅速扩张以及大量宝贵农田的流失。本文以珠江三角洲发展最快的城市之一的东莞为例探讨其经济发展、城市扩张以及农田流失的关系。研究发现了农田流失与不同阶段的经济发展有密切的关系。自进入９０年代以来，由于房地产的过热发展，造成了农田的加速流失，严重浪费土地资源。珠江三角洲的农田流失与乡镇企业的发展，地方自主权的扩大，香港的影响，交通条件的改善以及土地管理等一系列因素有关。

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, URBAN SPRAWL, AND AGRICULTURAL LADN LOSS IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA,CHINA

The Pearl River Delta is developing very rapidly in the two decades. Concomitant to this development is the loss of valuable agricultural land by the encroachment of urban development, especially by massive construction sites from land speculation. This paper examines the relationship between economic development, urban sprawl, and agricultural land loss in the Pearl River Delta, Using Dongguan, a newly established city that was upgraded from a rural county town, as a case study. It is found agricultural land loss and urban sprawl is much related to the stages of economic development in the Pearl River Delta. Agricultural land loss and urban sprwl are most serious in the period of land speculation in 1990-1993 as a result of the property boom in the Pearl River Delta that was induced by the property boom in Hong Kong. Urban sprawl in the Pearl River Delta is much related to rural industrialization, rise of localism, influence from Hong Kong, road development, and lack of land management and monitoring system. There is an urgent need to develop a sustainable land development strategy to protect further loss of valuable agricultural land and environmental degradation. A better development control process and planning with a sustainable development objective may need to be formulated in the pearl River Delta. A higher development intensity may also be needed to minimize land consumption. The forms of urban development and problems of agricultural land loss that are presented in Dongguan in not unique in China. They are very commonly found in the cities of China, especially those newly establiched cities which used to be rural county towns. If we can find a solution for Dongguan, we should be able to apply it to other cities, making cities of China to be more sustainable.