海洋生态补偿机制的构建

建立海洋生态补偿机制是当前各级政府的紧迫任务,而构建海洋生态补偿机制必须要考虑补偿主体、对象、方式、手段、标准及流程,文章从研究和分析这些要素出发,提出了构建海洋生态补偿机制的初步设想:根据海洋生态服务功能变化的影响范围确定利益相关者,通过利益相关者分析界定补偿主体与对象;补偿方式包括资金、政策、实物和智力四种方式,补偿手段分为政府手段和市场手段两大类;补偿标准是在对海洋生态系统服务功能价值变化进行核算的基础上由双方通过协商确定;围绕着这些要素提出海洋生态补偿的流程。

Establishment of marine eco-compensation mechanism

Establishing marine eco-compensation mechanism is an urgent task for all levels of governments. However, researches in this area are lagged in comparison with the demand from governments. By analyzing the essential factors （beneficiary, victim, means and instrument, standard, and implementation process） within the compensation system, this paper aims to develop a conceptual framework which can be used as a guideline for the establishment of the marine eco-compensation mechanism. According to the findings of this paper, beneficiaries and victims should be determined by analyzing all stakeholders, which in turn are determined by investigating the impacts they have received from the change of marine ecosystem service. The compensation to the victims can be made through two means （government and market） in the form of four instruments （monetary, policy, in-kind, and intelligence compensation）. The compensation standard can be negotiated between the involved parties but should be in line with the actual value change of marine eco-systems service. Drawn on these findings, this paper finally proposed a conceptual model addressing the compensation implementation process.