中国居民家庭收入流动性结构与影响因素研究——加入心理因素的城乡比较分析

收入流动将对收入分配格局产生重要影响，良好的收入流动性结构有利于缩小收入差距、优化收入格局。基于2010—2016年中国家庭追踪调查数据的分析表明，在2010—2012年、2012—2014年和2014—2016年三个时间段，整体样本、农村样本和城市样本家庭收入流动的向上/向下比率均大于1，表明当前中国居民家庭收入流动性结构合理，有利于收入分配格局优化；虽然低收入层级向上流动的几率较大，但高收入层级（尤其是城市地区）固化的现象也较为显著；长期来看，居民受教育水平和幸福感的提高有助于防范家庭收入层级向下流动。因此，应进一步提高教育质量，并切实增强人民群众的幸福感。

Research on Mobility Structure of Chinese Household Income and Its Influencing Factors: Urban and Rural Comparison Analysis after Adding Psychological Factor

Income mobility has important effect on income distribution pattern and good income mobility structure is conducive to narrowing income gap and optimizing income pattern. Based on tracing survey data of Chinese families during 2010-2016, this paper found that the income flow structure during 2010-2012, 2012-2014 and 2014-2016 was developed reasonably, the up/down ratio of family income mobility of the whole sample, rural sample and urban sample was bigger than 1, which was conducive to the optimization of income distribution pattern. Although the probability of low-income households moving upwards is high, the form of high-income households sticking to their economic status has expanded. From long-term perspective, the promotion of education level and happiness sense is helpful to prevent the downward mobility of family income. Thus, we should further boost education quality and really increase the happiness sense of Chinese people.