发展风险抗辩的论争、实践与消费者救济

发展风险是生产者无法预见且无法控制的合理性危险。法律确认发展风险责任虽有助于构建更安全的消费环境，但可能伤害厂商创新的积极性，最终将损害包括消费者在内的全社会的福利。确认发展风险抗辩并严格限制其适用将既有利于提高产品安全，保护消费者的合法权益，又能保护厂商可贵的创造性，促进经济的可持续发展。旨在保护生产者创新积极性的发展风险抗辨不能以牺牲消费者的利益为代价，这就需要国家代表全社会建立起发展风险救济制度，以保护处于弱势的消费者，促进经济的发展并维护社会的公正与和谐。

Theoretical Controversy,Legal Practice and Consumers'' Relief in Developing Risk Defense

Product development risks are reasonable risks that are unforeseeable and uncontrollable to the manufacturers. The liability confirmation of development risks is helpful to the construction of safe consumption environments, but harmful to manufacturers＇ innovation, and eventually harmful to social welfare. The confirmation of development risks defense to strict application is not only useful to raising the safety of products, but helpful to roosting the sustainability of economy growth. The development risks defense should not be run at the cost of consumer＇s safety; therefore, governments should set up a relief system against development risks to safeguard the consumers in constructing a harmonious consumption society.