论独立调查机制对多边开发银行公众问责制度的发展

在全球治理进程中,多边开发银行职能不断扩张,其跨国规制也因此直接影响到主权国家内部的个人,然而,现有的国际组织责任制度阻碍了个人向前者直接追责。为此,多边开发银行尝试在组织内部建立独立调查机制,为个人提供问责渠道。作为国际组织公众问责的开创性发展,独立调查制在为个人向国际组织问责提供渠道的同时,也在银行发展职能履行与个人基本权益维护之间找到了一个恰当的平衡点。然而,独立调查机制仍存在不足,表现为:问责实体依据局限于银行内部政策、问责机制忽略问题解决、问责独立性受管理层掣肘。增强决策透明度、以合法审查取代合规审查、强化调查机制问题解决功能、保证调查机制独立决策权是未来多边开发银行公众问责制完善的主要方向。

The Development of Independent Investigation Mechanism to the Public Accountability of Multilateral Development Banks

Underlying the development of global governance is the vast increase in the reach and forms of trans-governmental regulation of multilateral development banks,and individuals within sovereignty states are increasingly impacted by the implementation of multilateral development banks financed projects directly.Unfortunately,people who are adversely impacted can hardly take the multilateral development banks responsible for these via the domestic-international law application system directly.In response,multilateral development banks establish independent accountability mechanisms so as to resolve such accountability deficit.The independent accountability mechanism creatively establishes a direct accountable relationship between multilateral development banks and individuals,and find a balance between the performance of development function of multilateral development banks and the guaranty of basic rights and interests of individuals.Improving the transparency of decision-making,replacing the policy-based review with legality review,promoting the function of problem-solving,and guaranteeing the independence of inspection mechanism is the alternatives for further improving the independent inspection review mechanism.