大学毕业生人力资本存量贬损及对策研究

人力资本存量贬损指人力资本承载者获得收入的能力、拓展收入空间能力的弱化或消失,其实质是承载者无法获得既有投资决策时点的预期投资收益。大学生在我国＂毕业即失业＂的事实属于人力资本存量贬损现象。初始投资决策失误,保留工资水平过高,投资收益回收路径过少是贬损的内因;经济不景气,城市人力资本市场的供给激增,人力资本市场供求错位,企业、政府及非政府组织对职业培训供给不足是贬损的外因。可通过个体的后续人力资本投资、构建高校就业助推机制和营造社会的就业援助氛围,形成个体、高校、社会的三级联动应对体系。

Countermeasure Study on Depreciation of Human Capital Stock of College Graduates

Depreciation of human capital stock means that the ability of earnings weakens and/or disappears. Its essence is that the carrier of human capital can not reap all the investment revenue. Graduation means unemployment to most Chinese college graduates in recent years, which is a phenomenon of depreciation of human capital stock. The internal factors are as follows： a mistake of decision-making on initial investment, a higher level of reservation wage rate, few paths to recover revenue of investment. While the external factors includes the economic downturn, a surge of college graduates in city markets, an imbalance between labor supply and demand in China, a shortage of training supply from business, government and non-governmental organizations. A three-level interaction response system is needed to solve the unemployment issue of college graduates. Such a system consists of follow-up human capital investment from individuals, a mechanism of boosting employment from universities, and an environment good for employment assistance cultivated by the whole society.