知识产权保护、东道国特征与出口贸易

本文以发展中国家1976～2000年的样本数据为基础,利用贸易引力方程实证考察了知识产权保护对美国向发展中国家出口影响的市场扩张效应和市场势力效应。国家和行业层面的面版数据的估计结果显示:知识产权保护对美国向发展中国家出口的效应受到进口国的经济发展水平和模仿能力等东道国特征变量的制约。对于高收入国家和低收入国家而言,知识产权保护对出口贸易的影响以市场势力效应占主导;对于中等收入国家而言,知识产权保护对出口贸易的影响以市场扩张效应占主导。知识产权保护对强模仿能力国家行业出口贸易的影响以市场扩张效应占主导;知识产权保护对弱模仿能力国家出口贸易的影响以市场势力效应占主导。

Intellectual Property Rights Protection,Host Country Characteristics and Export Trade

There is a tradeoff between market expansion effect and market power effect when import countries strengthen intellectual property rights protection(IPP).So theoretically,the effect of IPP on export trade is ambiguous.The paper takes advantage of the trade gravity equation to investigate empirically the effect of IPP on export from U.S.A to developing countries in 1985～2000.The results of countries data show that the effect of IPP on export depends on market size,the level of economic development and imitation ability in import countries.The results of industry data show that the effect of IPP on industry export also depends on the level of economic development and imitation ability in import countries.The market power effect is dominant in the effect of IPP on export for high income and low income countries,but the market expansion effect is dominant for mediate income countries.The market expansion effect is dominant in the effect of IPP on export for strong imitation ability countries,but the market power effect is dominant for weak imitation ability countries.