小农的种粮逻辑——40年来中国农业种植结构的转变与未来策略

基于已有文献对中国粮食安全问题的质疑与担忧,作者回顾了改革开放40年以来我国农业种植结构调整从"去粮化"到"趋粮化"的历史性转变。文章认为,2003年以来中国粮食长期且连续的增长,并非由外生的经济因素直接激发,亦非农业税减免和农业补贴政策的直接诱导,而是由农户在要素流动与卷入农业分工的过程中所内生的自我执行机制来决定的。理论与实证研究表明,中国小农的种粮逻辑是通过要素配置、地权预期、分工深化三个方面来共同表达的。小规模分散化的农业家庭经营格局并不构成中国粮食安全的阻碍,相反,却内含着重要的组织优势与可动员潜力。文章进一步讨论了保障中国粮食安全的基本策略与政策选择。

Logics of Fmall Households' Grain Production

According to prior studies, the food security problem in China has been arousing attentions. Then this study reviewed the historically structural transformation of crop farming in agriculture during recent 40 years and found that there had been an obverse change from declining to increasing production in grain crops. For reasons, this study believes that the long term and sustained growth of grain crops since 2003 is neither directly inspired by external economic factors, nor directly guided by reducing and exempting the agricultural tax or by agricultural subsidy policies. Instead, small households' internal self-enforcing mechanism formed in the scenario of agricultural labor mitigation and the prevailing division of labor in farming is the key determinant of the growth. Based on both theoretically and empirically evidences, logics of small households' grain crops production is consisted by production factor allocation logic, property rights distribution logic and division of labor logic. The small-scale and decentralized family farming pattern does not constitute a hindrance to China's food security. On the contrary, it contains considerable organizational advantages and mobilization potentials. Furtherly, this study proposed basic strategies and policy options for ensuring the food security in China.